Product Introduction
There are 12 kinds of catechins isolated from tea, and the main classification methods of catechins include the number of hydroxyl groups connected to the B ring, whether there are isomers at the 2 and 3 positions of the C ring, and whether there is gallic acid at the 3 position. Three categories. Epicatechin belongs to the class of catechins and has the basic flavanol-3-ol molecular structure of catechins. Its basic structure is 2-phenylbenzopyran, a polycyclic macromolecular structure with low symmetry, A, B, C 3 rings constitute the parent ring of epicatechin, each ring is connected with Hydroxyl groups have intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The B ring of epicatechin has 2 hydroxyl groups, so it is also classified as B ring dihydroxycatechin; the C ring of epicatechin is a benzoheterocycle, and its spatial structure is not in the same plane, it is It exists in a chair conformation, and its 2 and 3 positions are connected with different substituents, so epicatechin is also a cis-catechin; according to whether there is a gallate group connected to the 3-position of the C ring, catechin can be an ester Type and non-ester catechins, the C ring of epicatechin is connected to a hydroxyl group at the 3-position, so epicatechin belongs to non-ester catechins.
As a flavonoid substance, epicatechin has many physiological activities, such as antioxidant, lipid-lowering and hypoglycemic, prevention of cardiovascular disease, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antibacterial and so on.
1. Antioxidant effect
As early as 1956, Denham Harman proposed the free radical theory of aging, arguing that the degenerative changes in the aging process are caused by the harmful effects of free radicals generated in the normal metabolic process of cells. Free radical scavenging is considered the basis for many anti-aging and whitening functions. Epicatechin belongs to the polyphenols of flavonoids. Due to the presence of phenolic hydroxyl groups in the molecular structure of epicatechin, especially the ortho-hydroxyl group in catechol or pyrogallol, it is easily oxidized into quinones. It has a strong ability to capture free radicals such as reactive oxygen species, so it has the function of efficiently scavenging free radicals and lipid free radicals. Not only did epicatechin exert an antioxidant defense against H2O2-induced intracellular oxidative stress, but its methylated and glucuronidated metabolites also significantly reduced oxidative stress in human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs).
Strong antioxidant effect is a common feature of poly(phenol) hydroxyflavonoids. As an excellent dietary antioxidant, epicatechin is of course the leader among them, worthy of its name.
2. Prevent cardiovascular disease and protect the heart
Epidemiological and medical anthropological investigations suggest that foods rich in flavanols have cardiovascular health benefits. Epicatechin is the main agent of action among these flavanols, and epicatechin and its metabolites are markers of cardiovascular benefit. Further studies showed that chemically synthesized epicatechin exhibited similar efficacy to flavanol-rich cocoa.
Epicatechin exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects in the liver and aorta. Taking mice with high cholesterol diet-induced atherosclerosis as the research object, adding epicatechin to the high cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis diet compared with the control group, the atherosclerosis of the mice in the epicatechin-supplemented group was compared. The area of sclerotic lesions was reduced by 27%. A prospective survey of postmenopausal women in Iowa, USA, showed that epicatechin was significantly inversely associated with cardiovascular disease-related mortality. Further research found that epicatechin can improve cardiovascular disease by stimulating mitochondrial function.
3. Protect nerves and enhance memory
The blood-brain barrier is one of the most important protective barriers in the human body, which can effectively prevent harmful substances from damaging the brain. However, this also prevents many active ingredients from entering the brain to protect brain neurons and repair damaged brain tissue. Therefore, whether it can pass through the blood-brain barrier has become an important indicator to evaluate whether epicatechin is beneficial to the brain. In the experiment of oral epicatechin in rats, the metabolites of epicatechin - epicatechin glucuronide and 3'-O-methyl epicatechin glucuronide were detected in their brain tissue.
Mice fed epicatechin, sedentary or wheel runner exercise enhanced cognition. In the maze experiment, the duration of spatial memory in mice increased, especially when combined with exercise. Moreover, epicatechin promotes the regeneration of blood vessels and increases the density of spinal nerves. Amyloid β25-35 induces neurotoxicity through oxidative stress and is one of the causes of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Epicatechin attenuates oxidative damage caused by amyloid beta 25-35 in the hippocampus, which could lead to new approaches to combating Alzheimer's disease.
4. Anti-tumor
Experiments in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) confirmed that EC had no significant effect on DNA damage in normal rat spleen cells, but significantly increased the degree of DNA strand breaks in spleen cells of leukemia animals. Compared with the untreated group, the percentage of leukemia cells in EC-treated rats was significantly reduced. The findings suggest that EC can be an effective supplement to standard treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.
5. Enhance muscle strength and delay muscle fatigue
Mice fed epicatechin improved motor performance while: (1) increasing the number of capillaries in hindlimb muscles and (2) increasing the number of muscle mitochondria and signaling for mitochondrial biogenesis. These results suggest that epicatechin increases the capacity of muscle aerobic metabolism, thereby delaying the onset of fatigue.
Epicatechin can reduce cardiac and skeletal muscle fibrosis while improving skeletal muscle function. Epicatechin is beneficial in reducing muscle degeneration associated with muscular dystrophy. Exercise can bring many benefits, such as improved capillary and mitochondrial capacity, but epicatechin can continue to maintain these benefits after stopping exercise.
This is exciting news for the athletic crowd.
6. Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes
Obesity and diabetes are problems plaguing the world. Epicatechin can effectively improve insulin sensitivity and reduce insulin resistance caused by obesity. Epicatechin also prevents diabetes and modulates oxidative stress in skeletal muscle caused by heart failure and type II diabetes.
In the United States, the first clinical evaluation of epicatechin for the treatment of early diabetes has also been completed.
7. Combined application with other dietary ingredients
Epicatechin, when used in combination with other anticancer ingredients, can also play a role in enhancing anticancer activity. For example, the combination of epicatechin and curcumin can significantly enhance the anticancer activity of curcumin in daily diet. Through the action of epicatechin, curcumin induces lung cancer cell apoptosis and inhibits tumor cell growth. be strengthened. When used in combination with quercetin, it has a synergistic effect of protecting nerves.
8. Other activities
Epicatechin also has a wide range of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and other activities. Future research on epicatechin will definitely bring us more surprises. Due to the ubiquitous existence of epicatechin in food and the long-term taking history, the human body and epicatechin have good biological adaptability, and the extremely high safety provides a good advantage for epicatechin as a dietary supplement ingredient Base.
Product Specification
Product Name: | Epicatechin powder | Assay: | 99% |
Other Name: | Epicatechin | Appearance: | White Powder |
Latin Name: | / | Active Ingredient: | Epicatechin |
Extract Part: | / | Grade: | Food Grade |
Extraction Type: | Solvent Extraction | Packing: | 25kg/drum |
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